Battle of Coochs Bridge in the American Revolution

Essay Ernest Hemingway - 2650 Words

Ernest Hemingway’s tough, terse prose and short, declarative sentences did more to change the style of written English that any other writing in the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway had many great accomplishments in his historical life but one event sticks out from the rest. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works. Told in Language of great simplicity and power, it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. Here Hemingway recasts, in strikingly contemporary style, the classic theme of courage in the face of defeat, of personal triumph won from loss. Written in 1952, this hugely successful novel confirmed his power and presence in the literacy†¦show more content†¦He would later adapt this style to his fiction. In May of 1918, Hemingway became an honorary second lieutenant in the Red Cross. He could not join the army due to a defective left eye (resentfully inherited from his mother). On his first day of service across seas, he and other ambulance drivers were assigned the horrific duty of picking up body parts from an exploded munitions facto ry. Death, mostly of women, on such a scale was most definitely another very shocking moment in Hemingways young life. But he soon recovered from this experience and became known as the man who was always where the action is. He would often sneak cigarettes and chocolate to soldiers on the Italian front. It was on one of these occasions that he was severely wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. Even with over a hundred pieces of shrapnel and an Austrian machine gun bullet logged in his leg he managed to carry a wounded soldier a hundred yards to safety. He got the Italian Medal of Valor for his courageous action. He spent his recovery time at the Ospedale Croce Rossa Americana, in Milan. It is there that he met and fell for a thirty year-old nurse called Agnes Hannah. To Ernests disappointment, Agnes was not willing to embark in a relationship. Ernest, who had not yet turned twenty, who was a war hero, a journalist and a wounded soldier, was tooShow MoreRelated Ernest Hemingway Essa y974 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that heRead MoreThe Battler by Ernest Hemingway680 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout life, the people that you may encounter and form relationships with will be the ones that shape who you are and ultimately influence your decisions, actions and personality. In â€Å"The Battler† by Ernest Hemingway, Nick Adams, a young man of roughly twenty years of age encounters an older gentleman named Ad Francis, a once-famous boxer who claims to have gone â€Å"crazy† after his life as a fighter. Ad is accompanied by his best friend Bugs, a black man who accompanies him on his travels throughoutRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway Who is Ernest Hemingway? Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, an upper-middle-class suburb of Chicago(Ernest Hemingwaypar 4). He was born in the front bedroom of grandfather Ernest Halls house at eight oclock A.M., July 21, 1899. His parents were Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. Ernest was the second child and his sister, Marcelline, was born eighteen months earlier. He also had two other siblings. Carol was born July 19, 1911Read MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway1411 Words   |  6 Pages(shmoop.com). Ernest Hemingway was an honest and noble man. His life was highlighted by his successful writing career that brought him fame, fortune, but ultimately loneliness. Ernest Hemingway fell into a hole of drinking and depression (lib.utexas.edu). It was odd for Hemingway to become so emotionally unstable after having a happy childhood, quality experiences, and a successful writing career. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois in 1899. Oak Park was the town in which Ernest spent hisRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway The writer/artist that I chose to enlighten you with has inspired many writers as well as literature majors for many years. He continues to tickle our imaginations with the legacy that he has left us with. This man was as genuine as you can get. He was loved by many. He made an impact on any life that he came across. This man is non other than, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was a free spirit in an unattached sense. He loved adventure, as well as the drink. He was somewhatRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway523 Words   |  2 Pages On July 21, 1899 Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Cicero (Oak Park), Illinois. Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest’s parents, raised him and his five siblings in the suburbs and spent time at their cottage in northern Michigan. This is where Ernest learned his love of the outdoors. His father taught him to row a boat, start a fire, clean and cook a fish, make a wild-onion sandwich and handle a gun (Reef, 2009). In high school Hemingway began to write for his school newspaper Trapeze and TabulaRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pages Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingways career is the short story, quot;Indian Camp.quot; quot;Indian Campquot; was originally published in the collection of quot;in Our Timequot; in 1925. A brief summary reve als that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travelsRead MoreResearch Paper On Ernest Hemingway1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Most Interesting Man In The World The author I have chosen is Ernest Hemingway, who is one of the most celebrated authors of the 20th century. He was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. Hemingway wrote a variety of novels. My favorites are For Whom the Bell Tolls, written in 1940, A Farewell to Arms, written in 1929, and The Sun Also Rises, written in 1926. Most of Hemingway’s works are often criticized and considered sexist, but I believe that they give us a glimpse fromRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write someRead MoreA Farewell Of Arms By Ernest Hemingway1607 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Hemingway s third novel a Farewell to arms was being created with his early experience with war. Just out of High school, E.Hemingway tried volunteering to fight in World War 1 but he was rejected by the U.S. military because of his poor eyesight. Instead he voluntarily enlisted in the Italian ambulance corps on the Italian front where he was injured by a mortar shell. While E.Hemingway was recovering he started to fall in love with a nurse named Agnes Von Kurowsky. She however

A Study on Project Management Labour Productivity and Methods

Question: Describe about A Study on Project Management for Labour Productivity and Methods. Answer: Introduction Any viable and fruitful business comprehends the significance of productivity in the work environment. Worker productivity plays an important role in the different software related projects. Being profitable can help the firm increment and help the company utilise the Human resources it has. Most popular and successful organisations have happy and sound employees, which is one indicator of good association. In the following paragraphs, we have elaborately discussed the reasons why productivity is critical to the employees, employer and the customers. "Proactive conduct" Is what can help any average worker to excel in his work and become an important asset for the company (Turner 2016) Part A The process of development of software is quite lengthy and requires skill and effort from the various team members. The development of software goes through a process which includes various steps and requires the expertise of the team members. The new module creation for the software would require proper planning, analysis of details and requirements, designing, development and implementation, testing and maintenance. The whole process would include a project manager and a development manager who would be the instructor and supervisor. Then there would be members dedicated to figuring out the subject matters, the team of quality assurance, deployment team, functional analysts, development lead, developer, solutions architect, designer and training team (Chemuturi 2012). Part B Productivity in software development has been a critical exploration zone for quite a few years. It is the key for a successful programming company to control and enhance its productivity. Labour force effectiveness helps in determine the range as well as the extent of products as well as amenities which a specialist offers in a provided measure of instance. It is one of a few sorts of productivity that market analysts measure. Workforce productivity, frequently alluded to as work productivity, is a measure for an association or company, a procedure, an industry, or a nation. Be that as it may, as opposed to customary modern work, it is difficult to quantify for programming improvement. There are a few terms that are utilized pretty much synonymously, for example, execution or productivity. There are likewise different meanings of which yield isolated by info is the most broad one (Scacchi 2001). Part C There can be numerous problems within the system but here are the most common problems associated with the development of new software and its modules. As of now a large number of the applications are being discharged into the market straight after the designer testing, bypassing the client acknowledgment testing. That practice ought to be suspended and even a little change must be tried by an end-client. Every application will have a committed beta-analyzer chose from the end-clients. Simply after a beta-analyzer has passed the new code it is elevated from test to generation environment (Taiwo 2010). At the point when there is an absence of code surveys - yet one will begin doing code audits before one of the programmers checks it. It might be better to consider a "rollout audit". It is where one of the engineers needs to sit next with the other watch him/her doing the product rollout (Attar 2016). Instructions to minimize the rollback time when another discharge is turned out to be to be supplanted by a decent past adaptation enough to be pullout from generation. We do store a background marked by all discharges (as a parallels) to make it simple to go one rendition back - and however it is brisk it is still a manual procedure where it is uncertain of the result and it might cause the rollback to come up short and render the framework unusable(Enshassi 2007). However, programming intricacy and programming language unmistakably calculates favoured the connection of undertaking information vaults. This most presumably mirrors a typical instinct of storehouse originators that those components significantly affect improvement productivity and various programming qualities (e.g., dependability, maintainability).As of now the significance of a specific productivity element fluctuates relying upon the venture setting. The aptitudes of programming software engineers and investigators, for occurrence, appear to assume a more imperative part in upgrade/support ventures. So also, device/technique used by all accounts less vital is new improvement ventures. Then again, programming improvement that is not a continuation of a past item/discharge appears to essentially depend on the nature of venture management and group inspiration (M 2005). Customer Benefit Productivity in the work environment will regularly decipher into great customer administration and communication. This aggregate customer experience is the way to satisfy customers, and all profoundly profitable organizations utilise will pick up customer loyalty. At the point when a customer is loyal to your business, they will impart their experience to others, which is a marketing advantage leaving large amounts of productivity (Leblebici 2012). The Company The employees themselves are a speculation, and like any venture, they ought to yield a solid or beneficial come back to the company. In this manner, when employees are very profitable the company accomplishes its objectives of putting resources into them in any case. Productivity likewise motivates the working environment culture and support moral, creating a unspeakably better company environment (Designers 1999). The Work Force As if an unsaid rule, when a firm is exceptionally profitable, it inevitably gets to be successful, and as a result of this, motivators will undoubtedly be made accessible to the employees. These incorporate salary increases, rewards, medicinal protection etc. This will likewise motivate employees and gives them more openings for work as the company develops. Productivity in the working environment is a critical part of each company and when top management comprehends this idea, achievement is practically around the bend. Nevertheless, if your company doesn't give you the motivating force to expand productivity, you might need to begin searching for another employment on the grounds that the company is not competent enough to retain the employees (Bockerman 290-302). Part D Each occupation has an arrangement of quailed specialists, which can be utilized to instate the employments' space. The inquiry is the means by which to dispose of the designers at run time. Unmistakably every architect can just take at most one early occupation. That is to say, every early employment must be appointed to various specialists. Accordingly, we can essentially utilize the built-in all different. That is to say, when an early employment is doled out to a designer E, the architect E will be quickly expelled from all other early occupations. The same strategy likewise applies to last occupations. Aside from utilizing the above imperative on right on time/last employments; there is another sort of requirement, i.e. the time imperative, which can be utilized to dispose of architects from the 4 starting spaces. The thought is that every specialist just has a relaxed work time; the more occupations relegated to the architect, the shorter the extra time left. On the off chance that we work out which employment can no more t in a specialist's leisure time, then we can dispense with the architect from this present occupations' space powerfully (Wells 2002). This is a considerably more effective forward checking requirement. User dismissal- An expansive group of designers blazing through undertaking stores at the rate of $70,000 every day takes three months (without transitional turning points) to convey a framework capacity that is rejected by the end client(i Liviu 2014). Arrangement: Actualize Agile Development- Include the client in the development procedure. Make a turning point at regular intervals where the engineers must exhibit some usefulness to the clients. Immature innovation.-An undertaking group is endeavouring to actualize new innovation in a creation domain. The innovation does not perform. A few workarounds are attempted; all come up short. Toward the end of six months, unbeknown to management, nothing has been accomplished. Arrangement: Establish month to month progress audit turning points. Require recorded confirmation of advancement in Technical Investigation Reports (Stober 2009). Management quality, as indicated by the five management capacities, is characterized as: arranging, sorting out, instructing, planning, and controlling. These capacities characterize conventional management, yet they don't manage the general population issues that influence efficiency. These issues, characterized in the 1920s and known as the Hawthorne Effect are for all intents and purposes disregarded in customary management. Managers are still disengaged from the engineers in customary associations. I depict customary managers as chiefs, and current managers as leaders (McManus 2012). It has been gathered that programming development data from a wide range of projects finished from the mid-1960s are really important to see the growth of the programming language. Through today as premises of evaluating work that the people have been included in since the mid-1970s. The data is principally from conventional developments, in spite of the fact that there is sufficient data from new developments to incorporate into the general data. The data starts with Assembly language projects without any devices, nor advanced techniques to bolster them. All of the upgrades in instruments, languages, and techniques have happened in the innovation property of the Effectiveness Formula (Fujita 2004). We have seen no upgrades in the correspondence credit unless we need to incorporate the work area as a correspondence change. Management style has floated almost no past the five elements of management determined in the mid-1900s. The rate of efficiency change, with a few fixes, have adva nced at the rate of around 1.5 source lines for each individual month of exertion (sloc/pm) every year since 1960 due completely from innovation picks up. Correspondence comprises of three sections: visual, aural, and composed. By expelling the visual and aural components, the correspondence is constrained to just 7 percent of the first. Speaking with the programmer in the following cubical through the system is entirely not the same as perusing the composed word. One can send an inquiry and a reaction (additionally email) lands as composed words. We can assist limit correspondence by neglecting to give zones where programmers can impart eye to eye. Detachment likewise decreases inspiration when the general population is not ready to work as a gathering (Designers 1999). Conclusion This is the reason why it is required by the management to use proper planning and execution while planning a project. It is required that there is proper flow of work and that communication does not become a problem. One of the main reasons a company flourishes and makes profits is that their departments are working tirelessly together to help the company grow (Chemuturi 2012). References Attar, A .A. "A Study of Various Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Methods to Improve It." Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 5, no. 8 (2016): 11-14. Bockerman, P. "Do Job Disamenities raise wages or ruin job dissatisfaction? ." International Journal of Manpower 27, no. 5 (290-302): 1-12. Chemuturi, Murali. Requirements Engineering and Management for Software Development Projects. illustrated. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Designers, American Society of Interior. Recruiting and retaining qualified employees by design. White paper , 1999. Enshassi, Adnan. "Factors affecting labour productivity in building projects in the gaza strip." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 13, no. 4 (2007): 245-254. Fujita, Hamido. New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques: Proceedings of the Third SoMeT W04. IOS Press, 2004. i Liviu, Miha. "Comparative study on software development methodologies." Database Systems Journal 6, no. 9 (2014): 1-20. Leblebici, Demet. "IMPACT OF WORKPLACE QUALITY ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY: CASE STUDY OF A BANK IN TURKEY." Journal of business finance and economics 5, no. 2 (2012): 1-8. M, ASCE. "Impact of changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ s timing on labour Productivity." Journal of Construction Engineering and Managemen 131, no. 5 (2005): 1-11. McManus, John. Risk Management in Software Development Project. Routledge, 2012. Scacchi, Walt. Process Models in Software Engineering. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, , 2001. Stober, Thomas. Agile Software Development: Best Practices for Large Software Development Projects. illustrated. Springer Science Business Media, 2009. Taiwo, Akinyele Samuel. "The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria." African Journal of Business Management 4, no. 3 (2010): 299-307. Turner, J. Rodney. "Project Management." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 5, no. 8 (2016): 1-13. Wells, Timothy. Dynamic Software Development: Managing Projects in Flux. CRC Press, 2002.

The Dolls House Essay Example For Students

The Dolls House Essay Without tragedy interfering, ones present life will be affected and in many ways dependent on their past. Pertaining to the play A Dolls House , one could say that the present is pregnant with the past. In A Dolls House there is a great deal of the past that is still a major part of the present day. There are many characters in this play that who have a past that is altering their present situation. Nils Krogstad who is a lawyer in the play, is living a life of hard times right now because he is paying the consequences for his wrong-doings in his past. His past actions and choices are affecting what happens and what he does in the present day. With ones present situation being affected, then it is clear that the results of that will affect the future that is in store for them. Most of the characters in the play have a past that has made the present day a rough and worrisome time. Although, there is an instance in this play where the past of one man has blessed him with many advantage s. Torvald Helmer had made choices in his past that supplied many benefits for him in the future. Christine Linde who is a friend of the Helmers is suffering from the decisions she made in her earlier days. (There is one character in particular who one may say that the past she is carrying may be a set of twins, pertaining to the pregnancy of the past. awkward) Nora Helmer had made many choices in her earlier days that have made her future hard and very worrisome. Overall, there is not a person on this earth that who will not be affected by the choices they he/she makes in their his/herpast. The characters in A Dolls House are just a few examples of the effects that good and bad choices have on the future of an individual. We will write a custom essay on The Dolls House specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nils Krogstads past is revealed in the play and it is visible to see that it has caused him much suffering. One may say that this man is morally sick, for his actions seem to suggest that his morals are not all that good. In a society like that of todays,the play does not take place in modern society an individual will pay for his wrong doings and will have to take responsibility for them too. Krogstad had broken the law in his past by committing forgery. Now in his present situation he is unemployed because his employer Torvald Helmer discovered he was a dishonest man. His actions then ruined any reputation that he held, and lost him his job and any future opportunity for a decent job. Any reference the man had before was now lost. Nilss present situation was overcome by the past, and the truth had to come out sooner or later. Nils then had to take responsibility for his actions. What is performed in the past will stick with one and in some cases it may perhaps be passed on to other s. Krogstad being a dishonest and cheating man has influenced his children and in some ways poisoned them. It is remarkable how easy it becomes to lie to another person. When one small lie is kept a secret and one benefits from it, it becomes very easy to do it again. Sometimes the dishonesty becomes a habit and all your integrity is lost. Dishonesty may have short-term benefits, but in the long run the benefits are obsolete. The reason why lying is so habitual is because the long-term consequences are not visible and the short-term benefits are right in front of the person. In the act of making right choices the benefits are numerous, both short-term and in the long run. You are going off topic. Stick to the literature and do not write so generally. .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .postImageUrl , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:hover , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:visited , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:active { border:0!important; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:active , .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7de0280358c4802ec3f7c1f2e5ddd7ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Population Control EssayTorvald Helmer who is another lawyer in A Dolls House is proud of his present situation, and has many reasons to be. Torvald had made many right choices and tried to avoid his past having negative effects on his future. Torvald believes in being honest and not cheating your way out hard situations. Torvald states, Men often succeed in re-establishing themselves if they admit their crime and take their punishment (pg. 194) From reading the play it is thought that Torvald has been honest his whole life and dedicated himself to working hard. Torvalds present situation may be pregnant with the past, but whatever is going to affect his future has affect ed it in a positive way. In the play Torvald was promoted to a bank manager, and it is hard to believe that a dishonest man that made wrongful choices could be promoted to such a position. Torvald is a wealthy man and has many children that whom he loves. Torvalds past choices have benefited him a great deal. On the other hand, Christine Linde who is a friend of the Helmers is having to deal with the choices she made in the past, but in a negative aspect. Mrs. Linde is holding much of her past and dealing with it all in the present day. Mrs.Linde decided to leave Krogstad who was once her lover. Mrs.Linde is now a widow who is desperate for work and has no husband to support her. That choice that was made in the past is now affecting her and the lifestyle she lives. Mrs. Linde has made right choices though, and it is believed she is also an honest woman. The fact that she did leave Nils, she avoided being poisoned. Furthermore, Mrs.Linde was going to help Nora Helmer, who is a frien d of hers get out of a lie. Mrs.Linde had second thoughts about it and decided not to contribute to the lies of her friend. Nora Helmer the friend of Mrs.Linde, is a fine example and relates closely to the clich The present is pregnant with the past. Nora Helmer who is the wife of Torvald and the friend of Mrs.Linde, is living in many lies which is a result of many lies before them. Nora has many secrets that she has kept from everyone, including Mrs. Linde until near the end of the play. Noras past is like being pregnant, and in the play it is near birth, for the truth is ready to be told. The secrets that she holds are about to come out unwillingly. Nora has lived in many lies, and lies from very petite things to breaking the law by lying. Noras husband Torvald was very ill a long time ago and Nora needed some money for her and Torvald to move away for a while so Torvald could regain his health. It was then that Nora committed the forgery to get the money, which indeed was breaking the law. This mistake led to many consequences that were not very splendid. Krogstad the man who Nora did borrow the money from had much the same attitude, and their actions were very similar. Krogstad having many of the same bad habits attempted to blackmail Nora in hopes of her influencing her husband to give back his job. In the end the truth was revealed and the marriage between Torvald and Nora almost ended. The near ending of their marriage was a disastrous effect of the choices Nora made in her past. Also, Krogstad never did get his job back from what we know. Another example of the lies that Nora was living was that of her Indulging in sweets when she had promised her husband she would stay away from them. Nora had been lying for such a long period of time that in her present situation she does not even understand herself. Like a child in birth, it can only be nursed for about nine months in the womb. That is much like ones past, it can only be held in for so long. So it is a fact that a person can be pregnant with their past. Nora was also making her children suffer, for they had to hear and listen to the lies daily. When the day came when the lies were revealed, it was then that the children were poisoned. Overall, No ra was living many lies and it was affecting her future. The justifying that can be done for wrong doings can only hold up for a short while. The justifying that Nora did for her lies did only hold up for so long. .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .postImageUrl , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:hover , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:visited , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:active { border:0!important; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:active , .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1 .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud368609a64f306e924e685896ae7efa1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Information Technology EssayA person can justify their his/her wrong doings that they have he/she has commited, but what good does the justifying do? When you justify the lies to a certain extent then every wrong doing is then suddenly okay. Justifying the lies just makes it much easier for a person to lie again, and easier for them to keep living the lies. All the characters in the play have had some sort of an affect from what they have performed in their past, and it only proves that the past of an individual will effect greatly what is in store for them in the future. In other words, The present is pregnant with the past. Stick to the literature and avoid the temptati on to overgeneralizeBibliography:

An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin †American Literature Essay (200 level Course)

An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin – American Literature Essay (200 level Course) Free Online Research Papers An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin American Literature Essay (200 level Course) There is no doubt that slavery is one of humankind’s worst experiences. Humans have been practicing slavery for centuries. From the big Roman Empire to the small kingdoms of Asia and Africa, slavery was a common and acceptable practice. In all these societies slaves were traditionally kept and used as domestic servants and it was also an indication of power and wealth, but they were not used for commercial gains. Things changed with the discovery of the New World, the need for quick and cheap labor increased. Benjamin Franklin’s satire on the defense of slavery makes a lot of sense. He bases his argument on religion, wealth, civility and power. His use of Divan of Algiers to further illustrate his point was a good and valid idea. The Divan uses all this points to argue that slavery in fact is good for the continuation of their civilization. The Divan feared the fall of Authority if slavery was to be abolished. Religion has been used a lot of times to justify the continuity of slavery and the slave trade. This is also demonstrated in Franklin’s letter. Franklin writes that the divan of Algiers emphasizes that by bringing or capturing slaves they are civilizing and showing them the light of God. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is their condition then made worse by their falling into our hands? No; they have only exchanged one slavery for another, and I may say better; for they are brought into a land where the sun of Islamism gives forth its light and shines in full splendor, and they have an opportunity of making themselves Acquainted with the true doctrine, and Thereby saving their immortal souls†¦ â€Å" (Franklin 759) The divan of Algiers does insist that slavery is good for the so-called â€Å"infidels† and their captivity is good because it helps them become better individuals and Muslims at the same time. He also raises points that aren’t the individuals and Muslims at the same time. He also raises points that aren’t the individuals already slaves from wherever they come from? (Franklin 759). This is true since most of the people the Algerians were capturing were sailors from European ships and the Algerian assumed that they were slaves since they got treated bad by the ship owners. The Divan suggests that the captives are just changing from one slavery to another better one. Religion was used everywhere in his defense of slavery. The divan was not the only individual to use religion to his defense, the king of Bonny (now the Nigerian Delta) also used religion to legitimize slavery. The British declared all slavery being illegal and this forced the king to respond,  "†¦we think this trade must go on. That is the verdict of our oracle and priests. They say that our country however great, can never stop the trade but god himself†¦.† (The Story of Africa 2). The author Phillis Whetley in one of her poems also praised slavery â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦twas mercy that brought me from my pagan land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Whitley 1104). The use of religion to argue on slavery was a common practice and Franklin exhibited it to us using the Divan. The Divan did not use religion only, he also used economics or wealth as a reason to try further his arguments. The Divan tried to illustrate that by abolishing slavery, the government and its people will lose a lot of money and things will be worse. The land they occupy will diminish in value and there will be no one to cultivate the farms. The government will lose a lot of money and it will not be able to pay its citizens for whatever loss they have incurred (Franklin 759). The government will also lose most of its revenues from the slaves owners. This economic argument was also used by a lot by the plantation owners in the Americas. Franklin’s Divan tried to persuade the council that the country ‘s economy will be in ruins if they do go ahead and let the slaves free. His argument is valid and makes sense when you look it in an economic perspective. The Divan states that the slave being inferior and ignorant, will not be able to establish good government and govern themselves â€Å"†¦but they are, I doubt, too little disposed to labor without compulsion, as well as too ignorant to establish a good government†¦.† (Franklin 759) The divan argues that the slaves will be treated fairly and better if they stayed. Franklin’s divan was not the only one to be concerned about the future of freed slaves, Samuel Sewall who spoke out against slavery also showed some concern on what will happen if the slaves in America were freed. In his memorial â€Å"The selling of Joseph† Seawall says about that â€Å"†¦. few can endure Negro being set free, and indeed they can seldom use their freedom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Seawall 414). Seawall’s statements goes on to show that even though he was a pre-abolitionist he was not necessarily a supporter of an integrated society and so was the Dian of Algiers. To conclude Franklin’s use of the Divan’s argument made a lot of sense since we could compare the Algerians to the plantation owners in the Americas. Slavery is bad there is no doubt about that but I do agree with the Divan’s a4rgument when it comes to the economics of it. The whole argument takes a different turn and makes a lot of sense even though it is such a bad idea. Franklin clearly illustrates and satirizes the Divan’s argument. The points are clear and easy to understand in spite of being such a hard topic. Overall the argument makes a lot of sense and it is valid. The only thing it misses is it does not take into consideration the feelings and opinions of the slaves. Franklin clearly does a great job explaining slavery to us through the Divan. Franklin, Benjamin from â€Å"On the slave Trade† The Heath anthology of American Literature, Vol. I. 3rd ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.758-760. Seawall, Samuel from â€Å"The Selling of Joseph† The Heath anthology of American Literature, Vol. I. 3rd ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.413-418. World Service, BBC from â€Å"The story of Africa† BBC World Service website (bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica) London: 05-23-2001 Wheatley, Phillis from â€Å"On being brought from Africa† The Heath anthology of American Literature, Vol. I. 3rd ed. Paul Lauter. Bostson: Houghton, 1998.1104. Research Papers on An Analysis of The selling of Joseph by Benjamin Franklin - American Literature Essay (200 level Course)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

History and Properties of M-Theory

History and Properties of M-Theory M-Theory is the name for a unified version of string theory, proposed in 1995 by the physicist Edward Witten. At the time of the proposal, there were 5 variations of string theory, but Witten put forth the idea that each was a manifestation of a single underlying theory. Witten and others identified several forms of duality between the theories which, together with certain assumptions about the nature of the universe, could allow for them to all be one single theory: M-Theory. One of the major components of M-Theory is that it required adding yet another dimension on top of the already-numerous extra dimensions of string theory so that the relationships between the theories could be worked out. The Second String Theory Revolution In the 1980s and early 1990s, string theory had reached something of a problem due to an abundance of riches. By applying supersymmetry to string theory, into the combined superstring theory, physicists (including Witten himself) had explored the possible structures of these theories, and the resulting work had shown 5 distinct versions of superstring theory. Research further showed that you could use certain forms of mathematical transformations, called S-duality and T-duality,  between the different versions of string theory. Physicists were at a loss   At a physics conference on string theory, held at the University of Southern California in spring of 1995, Edward Witten proposed his conjecture that these dualities be taken seriously. What if, he suggested, the physical meaning of these theories is that the different approaches to string theory were different ways of mathematically expressing the same underlying theory. Though he did not have the details of that underlying theory mapped out, he suggested the name for it, M-Theory. Part of the idea at the heart of string theory itself is that the four dimensions (3 space dimensions and one time dimension) of our observed universe can be explained by thinking of the universe as having 10 dimensions, but then compactifying 6 of those dimensions up into a sub-microscopic scale that is never observed. Indeed, Witten himself was one of the people who had developed this method back in the early 1980s! He now suggested doing the same thing, by assuming additional dimensions that would allow for the transformations between the different 10-dimensional string theory variants. The enthusiasm of research that sprung out of that meeting, and the attempt to derive the properties of M-Theory, inaugurated an era that some have called the second string theory revolution or second superstring revolution. Properties of M-Theory Though physicists have still not uncovered the secrets of M-Theory, they have identified several properties that the theory would have if Wittens conjecture turns out to be true: 11 dimensions of spacetime  (these extra dimensions should not be confused with the idea in physics of a multiverse of parallel universes)contains strings and branes (originally called membranes)methods of using compactification to explain how the extra dimensions reduce to the four spacetime dimensions we observedualities and identifications within the theory that allow it to reduce to special cases of the string theories known, and ultimately into the physics we observe in our universe What does the M Stand For? It is unclear what the M in M-Theory is meant to stand for, though it is likely that it originally stood for Membrane since these had just been discovered to be a key element of string theory. Witten himself has been enigmatic on the subject, stating that the meaning of the M can be selected for taste. Possibilities include Membrane, Master, Magic, Mystery, and so on. A group of physicists, led in large part by Leonard Susskind, have developed Matrix Theory, which they believe could eventually co-opt the M if it is ever shown to be true. Is M-Theory True? M-Theory, like the variants of string theory, has the problem that it is at present makes no real predictions that can be tested in an attempt to confirm or refute the theory. Many theoretical physicists continue to research this area, but when you have over two decades of research with no solid results, enthusiasm undoubtedly wanes a bit. There is no evidence, however, that strong argues that Wittens M-Theory conjecture is false, either. This may be a case where a failure to disprove the theory, such as by showing it to be internally contradictory or inconsistent in some way, is the best that physicists can hope for at the time being.

To What Extent Have the Literacy Practices of English Speakers Been Essay

To What Extent Have the Literacy Practices of English Speakers Been Shaped by Communication Technology - Essay Example In the start, the books were written for a specific class and were handwritten and expensive, therefore were only accessible to a specific class of readers. With the invention of printing machines and later digital communication technology made reading books more common. The production and reproduction of the physical form of text experienced a great deal of changes from its initial stage to the current form, resulting in gradual enhancement of the literacy practice. In the ancient world the words were inscribed in wax or clay tablets but now this carving technique is only used for decorative purposes. The alphabets taken from the Roman and Latin worlds did not allow much convenience with the pronunciation so they also went through change. The written language was more for the religious elite with no space among the words and an audible effort was made to apprehend the words. The Irish invention of word spacing and silent reading made it easy to be read and freed it from its conventi onal purposes (Allington, 2012). In the twelfth century the woodblock printing, which was originally invented in China, made the Europeans copy only the pictures on the page, later full text was also brought onto the page. The radical development came with the invention of hand press by Johannes Gutenberg in the fifteenth century which consisted of metal blocks containing letters on them, and in spite of it being very  expensive it was used to fulfil the demand of books to the western society (Allington, 2012). This print culture was not cherished by all members of the society as the British politicians were afraid of mass literacy, before then the lower class had access only to chapbooks which contained outdated content. Church authorities attempted to deprive the common people of the literature. Newspapers were imposed with heavy tax by the British government to keep them out of the reach of the poor people with the Stamp Act of 1712. Despite all the hurdles put on mass literacy practice, English language was widely printed and literacy practice had increased enormously by the nineteenth century. It is stated (Eliot, 2007) that the literacy rate was 60 per cent in males and 45 per cent in females in 1800 which progressed to 94 per cent and 93 per cent by 1891. The printing press also went through rapid development in nineteenth century. The twentieth century brought more technological development as metal type printing vanished and photographic and chemical processing was established, this brought easy and fast reproduction of text in bulk setting up a wider range of readers by it being economical and accessible to all classes of the society. The industry of book production was in Edinburgh, Scotland in the seventeenth century and through printing English they managed to keep the English readers and readers from other colonies which maintained their British Empire. The less familiarity of the English language for Scottish people gave way to the publication of the first dictionary of the Scots and later with the political and national movements, the vernacular speeches and the ingenuity of writers made other languages to become print-language (Anderson, 2006, in Allington, 2012). The access to the books helped the writers from different regions to convey all the political, economic and

Middle Eastern Studies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Middle Eastern Studies - Term Paper Example Others include the nationalization of assets previously owned by foreigners or ‘enemies of state’ and foreign aid. Collectively, such revenue streams are economically referred to as â€Å"rent†; similarly, states that are primarily dependent on such revenue streams are referred to as â€Å"rentier states† (Gelvin 247). Infamously, such states are referred to â€Å"allocation states† coined from the fact that the states’ distribution of rent generated in the aforementioned manner favors particular clients or projects. Each state in the Middle East-more or less- relies on rent income. In the period between 1980 and 1988, a third of Egypt’s government revenue was derived from rent. Over the same period, it also benefited substantially from aid from the United States amounting to about $2 billion annually (Gelvin 247). The involvement of Western powers in the oil wealth of the Middle East has entrenched historical backgrounds. More specific ally, their participation was ‘cemented’ through the establishment of agreements or concessions that saw the emergence of strong consortia that have firm hold-unto now-within the oil industry (Fawcett and Giacomo 15). Oil companies would come together to undertake large contracts which exceeded the capacity of any single firm. Such contracts –perhaps uncharacteristically so-extended between sixty and seventy-five years and granted these consortia exclusive rights to exploit, produce, refine, transport and market the oil. Over the past half century, the most dominant consortium in the oil industry has been that of the â€Å"seven sisters† consisting of Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, Gulf Texaco and British Petroleum (Gelvin 249). However, the blatant imbalance in the distribution of the benefits from oil exploitation as to the host nations propelled the formation of an association that would better represent the concerns of oil producers. Furthermore the threat of diminished returns arising from a fall in demand and subsequent slashing of prices by the consuming West-as was the case during the recession of the 1960s- had to be effectively dealt with. The formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1970 significantly increased this power and with it oil prices rose by 380 percent. Oil wealth therefore shifted from the industrialized and importing Western states to the producing Middle East (Gelvin 250). The Middle East has seen the staging of two major games. Firstly, and which has recently surfaced with revolutionary effects, that of citizens and governments; usually on opposing ends and rarely in cooperation (Richards and Waterbury 1). The recent revolutions in Middle Eastern states-dubbed the Arab Spring-such as Libya, Syria, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt and Greece have born evidence to this play. In this game, the motive and desire for the advancement of prosperity and national development has seen the ousting of lo ng-serving governments. In Egypt, specifically, it has seen a transition in which the ousted government and long-serving officials additionally face criminal proceedings. The political space internally is highly uncertain with the much anticipated calls for free and fair elections pitted against the influence of the interim Egyptian military council. Secondly, another battle is underway intersecting the region’

Security Systems Essay Example for Free

Security Systems Essay System securities are a vital requirement in computers where a great problem in network security is experienced. There are more complexities in the distribution and array of computer network interconnections. This is usually experienced in different environments. Hence there is the need for having methods of solving the problem of system security. This is done through having a network interruption discovery where attacks are detected and the necessary measures taken into consideration. The three types of computer security protocols discussed in this paper are the Teredo protocol, the HTTP protocol and the SSL and TSL protocols. The security implications of these protocols are discussed in this paper. The computer security protocols are applied in different areas depending on the security protocol. The identification of these protocols provides security concerns where the control of security is required. There is need to reduce protection in depth and permitting for unsolicited traffic in the computer systems security controls (Aquino et al, 2008). Types of Protocol SSL TLS (Secure Socket Layer Transport Layer Security) protocol The Secure Socket Layer is an internet protocol for connections which are done from one indication to the other. SSL offers fortification besides tumbling of the roof space, interfering and counterfeiting. Therefore there is genuineness between the customer and the server since the client is able to institute a protected connection across the internet in order to offer fortification to the broadcasted information (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). Due to the increase in the stipulation of internet and digital information communication, a number of functions and workstations require to send out their information in a protected manner to inaccessible appliances and mainframes. This can be cracked by the use of SSL since it is well premeditated for the purpose in a criterion which is open. There are steps which take place in SSL and they include linking, confirmation between parties and finally, swapping over of the protected data. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the latest improvement of SSL (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). Refer to figure 1 of the appendix. There is ensured discretion of the data due to the use of tough encryption expertise. There is lucidity substantiation of servers and clientele due to the use of digital credentials. The RSA algorithm used by SSL, it is meant to assist in the safety using autographs as well as digital pervasive. In support of extreme rapid encryption and decryption of data for communication after an establishment of SSL link, the suitable algorithm is RC4 (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). SSL can be used in any situation where protection is required between two computers. It can also be used in cases of clientele server co ordinations, monetary and movement business (Security Protocol Overview, 1999). HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol) HTTP offers assistance of the starting point in the system since it proposes the path of origin of standard and persistent information prototype contrast sequence. In HTTP, there are a number of classes which are possible for the collapse of data (Alarcon-Aquino et al, 2005). They are inclusive of standard which involves regular conduct of the system order which involves no bother. Adjustment of trail entails adaptation of the address of a folder in order to make accessibility to impracticable (Embrechts, 1993). The cryptogram introduction requires that there is implantation of malevolent ciphers in the add-on of emails. Cross-site writing (XSS) offers access to the confidential IDs, passwords and usernames from different browser casements which are dynamic simultaneously. Finally, there is the prearranged question lingo (SQL) which provides modification of the catalogue, removing or even plagiarism (Torres, 2003, pp. 8-13). Refer to figure 2 of the appendix. Teredo Protocol This protocol is meant to offer assistance to the client to understand a material in a specific report. Teredo protocol works by channelling IPv4 UDP port for a segment of the system that is only IPv4. There are basic machineries which are consisted in the Teredo structures. The components include clientele, communications and servers (Hoagland, 2008, p. 7). Before the sending of packets to and from remote IPv6 nodes, some tunnel setup communication has to take place. Therefore there are phases which are followed which include, the customer completing the qualification procedure in order to establish the address of Teredo. Secondly, the client has to determine which relay to use for a given IPv6 per node. The afterwards, the packet is sent through the relay (Hoagland, 2008, p. 9). See figure 3 in the appendix Possible attacks Storage based attacks Computer security protocols can have attacks that have the possibility of bringing down the system. The attacks can lead the security system to queue up many packets hence leading the denial of service. This is because the attacks make the legitimate packets not able to be delivered or not able to reach new peers. The security protocol can be attacked by the storage based attacks. The attack holds information from reaching its destination (Hoagland, 2008, p. 24). Relay DOS Delays of information can be experienced when there is a condition of denial of service on a network based relay. If the relay is not available and a packet is send then there is no stipulation for the client for establishing a new relay. However, the peer would not be aware of a relay being used and would then send a packet to the address (Hoagland, 2008, p. 25). Server DOS Services can be denied through a brute force attack on the server processing speed or the band width. If the security qualification of the server has part of it as authentication value, then the computation is necessary in response to every qualification request which is valid (Hoagland, 2008, p. 25). Attack detection In detecting attacks in the computer security protocols the solution should be taken depending on which model is used fro detection. Detection models can be hot based model or network based model. The detection of attacks in computer security protocols depends on the model used. The models used in detecting the attacks in security protocols may either be host based models or a network based models (Aquino et al, 2008). When detecting attacks with hot based models, the interruption/intrusion detection systems (IDS) usually make their decisions based on the information which is obtained from either a single or multiple host systems. In the net work based model the decisions of the IDS are made by first monitoring the traffic in the network which is connected to the hosts. The computer security system protocols are dynamic and changing regularly. This makes it necessary to use an approach that is based on neutral networks. The neutral networks are found to do well in the recognition of pattern, classification and computations of tasks that are parallel. This is why the neutral networks are a collection of extremely interrelated processing elements (Aquino et al, 2008).

Essay --

In 1933 to 1945, Germany was under the rule of Adolf Hitler, the man who commanded the Nazi party. Their goal was to get rid of all of the ‘undesirables’, or people seen as lower than ‘true Germans’ in Europe. Most of these people were Jewish but political prisoners, Gypsies, homosexuals, and Jehovah’s Witnesses were also targeted. These people were shipped to concentration camps, camps where people were detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions. The first of these made, and the model for all others, was Dachau, located about ten miles north of Munich, Germany. It is approximated that over 50,000 people met their deaths in the Dachau camp, which would be the amount of people that would fit into a sold out Yankee Stadium. The Holocaust horrors extended beyond the largely targeted Jews, as evidenced by the treatment of the largely civilian population of prisoners at the Dachau concentration camp. The first prisoners to arrive at the camp came on March 22, 1933 and were under command of SS Officer Hilmar WÃ ¤ckerle, the man who established rules that instituted terror as a way of life for the prisoners at camp. Many of these prisoners consisted of social democrats and German Communists who had an easier time at the camp than later prisoners. Long term imprisonments often lead to death but many of the early prisoners were released after serving their sentence and were considered to be rehabilitated. But even in this early stage of the camp and the party, laws were changing to fit the Nazis ways. Theodor Eicke took over control three months after the camp opened, due to WÃ ¤ckerle being charged with the murder of a prisoner. Hitler overruled the charges and declared that concentration camps were out of the realm ... ...ite, lining the path are twelve information panels. The almost three kilometer path represents the path taken by most prisoners when they arrived in the camp. The camp also has an archive on site that is open for visitors, containing papers and documents from the camp when it was open. Currently housing over 6,000 pictures, papers like maps and blueprints, 350 phonograms, and about 1,200 films, there are many different sources in the archive and attached library. These consist of eye witness statements, documents about the development of the camp and the International Prisons Committee, which was established after the liberation. The memorial was made so the people of today could look back and remember the extreme amount of people that had their lives turned upside down and lost by the Nazi Party and to teach people so the same tragedy does not repeat itself.

Challenging Behavior

Challenging Behavior Case Study Essay Module 1 essay submitted by Charles LaRocca Under the IDEA act, there is a greater responsibility to provide a positive learning environment for all students not just those with disabilities. IDEA is the vehicle that drives special education policies and procedures throughout the nation. Before IDEA, there was a very myopic view for teaching students with disabilities. In the past special education teachers provided instruction to their students in the classroom with little or no input from other teachers. Today, students with disabilities are more inclusive in the general curriculum and their education is a cooperative collaborative effort. In almost any public school today, you will observe the special education teacher sitting in the general education teachers classroom (CC) collaborating and engaging with their students. The teacher’s expanded role because of IDEA to ensure a conducive environment for learning for all students is evident in the case study challenging behavior. My first impression is that Ms. Allison has other special education students in her room since she has a teaching assistant. I mention this only to further illustrate that general education teachers have an increasing role as members of IEP teams in the collaboration process. In the case study, the teacher, Ms. Allison has identified Leonard’s challenging behavior which is the first step before a functional behavioral assessment can be implemented. By simply moving his seat to the back of the room will not do any good in effectively intervening or preventing his behavior. The teacher has taken the next step in her referral by listing in concrete and clear terms examples of Leonard’s challenging behavior. She has collected data as to when it occurs by observing his behavior in different settings and during different types of activities. The teacher has collected enough data to form the opinion that Leonard’s challenging behavior is a result of ADHD. She has demonstrated that is behavior is affecting his learning and is interfering with the learning of his/her peers. In this case study, all of the IDEA rights and requirements are met for an IEP team to begin to devise a plan for conducting a functional behavioral assessment. The team must explore the need for strategies and support systems to address any behavior that may impede the learning of the child with the disability or the learning of his or her peers (614 (d)(3)(b)(I); The fact that Leonard’s parents refuse testing and refuse the consent for special education services means that he is subject to the same disciplinary actions as those who receive no special services. He has no IEP, therefore he would not be protected under the IDEA act that addresses any disciplinary actions by school personnel. In response to certain disciplinary actions by school personnel, the IEP team must within 10 days, meet to formulate a functional behavioral assessment plan to collect data for developing a behavior intervention plan, or if a behavior intervention plan already exists, the team must review and revise it (as necessary), to ensure that it addresses the behavior upon which disciplinary action is predicated (615)(k)(1)(b). In this case the role of the parent and their consent is an important part of the IEP team by refusing to sign the child will receive no services. However, if the school district wants to go to due process in over -turning the parent’s decision they may do so but in my opinion that is not very likely unless they can prove his behavior is a threat to himself and to others. Challenging Behavior Challenging Behavior Case Study Essay Module 1 essay submitted by Charles LaRocca Under the IDEA act, there is a greater responsibility to provide a positive learning environment for all students not just those with disabilities. IDEA is the vehicle that drives special education policies and procedures throughout the nation. Before IDEA, there was a very myopic view for teaching students with disabilities. In the past special education teachers provided instruction to their students in the classroom with little or no input from other teachers. Today, students with disabilities are more inclusive in the general curriculum and their education is a cooperative collaborative effort. In almost any public school today, you will observe the special education teacher sitting in the general education teachers classroom (CC) collaborating and engaging with their students. The teacher’s expanded role because of IDEA to ensure a conducive environment for learning for all students is evident in the case study challenging behavior. My first impression is that Ms. Allison has other special education students in her room since she has a teaching assistant. I mention this only to further illustrate that general education teachers have an increasing role as members of IEP teams in the collaboration process. In the case study, the teacher, Ms. Allison has identified Leonard’s challenging behavior which is the first step before a functional behavioral assessment can be implemented. By simply moving his seat to the back of the room will not do any good in effectively intervening or preventing his behavior. The teacher has taken the next step in her referral by listing in concrete and clear terms examples of Leonard’s challenging behavior. She has collected data as to when it occurs by observing his behavior in different settings and during different types of activities. The teacher has collected enough data to form the opinion that Leonard’s challenging behavior is a result of ADHD. She has demonstrated that is behavior is affecting his learning and is interfering with the learning of his/her peers. In this case study, all of the IDEA rights and requirements are met for an IEP team to begin to devise a plan for conducting a functional behavioral assessment. The team must explore the need for strategies and support systems to address any behavior that may impede the learning of the child with the disability or the learning of his or her peers (614 (d)(3)(b)(I); The fact that Leonard’s parents refuse testing and refuse the consent for special education services means that he is subject to the same disciplinary actions as those who receive no special services. He has no IEP, therefore he would not be protected under the IDEA act that addresses any disciplinary actions by school personnel. In response to certain disciplinary actions by school personnel, the IEP team must within 10 days, meet to formulate a functional behavioral assessment plan to collect data for developing a behavior intervention plan, or if a behavior intervention plan already exists, the team must review and revise it (as necessary), to ensure that it addresses the behavior upon which disciplinary action is predicated (615)(k)(1)(b). In this case the role of the parent and their consent is an important part of the IEP team by refusing to sign the child will receive no services. However, if the school district wants to go to due process in over -turning the parent’s decision they may do so but in my opinion that is not very likely unless they can prove his behavior is a threat to himself and to others.

Wal-Mart Marketing Strategy

In the first class in Intensive in American Business, we discussed the reading assignment John D. Rockefeller and the Modern Corporation in Forbes. During the discussion, the professor mentioned Wal-Mart, a well-known retailer that owns large supply chain as The Standard Oil Company did to achieve its success. Being the largest retailer in the world, however, Wal-Mart may be relatively unfamiliar to students like me from Taiwan since it does not land here even though it planned to do so.In fact, it was actually my trip to China several years ago that makes my first reach with Wal-Mart. And after the class, I started to wonder, with the outstanding supply chain system, how and why could Wal-Mart stop its step developing in Taiwan? Does this fact mean that a nearly wonderful supply chain doesn’t mean everything in market? So, does this also show that maybe under certain circumstances, Rockefeller and his company cannot accomplish such success? Save Money. Live Better.Wal-Mart, t he largest retailer in the world, owns a huge supply chain as The Standard Oil Company did, which enables Wal-Mart to provide the cheapest products to its customers and makes its success. As The Standard Oil Company broaden its supply chain by from setting up barrel-making operation to controlling transportation problems including terminal warehouses and pipeline networks, Wal-Mart combines the supply chain from transporting and delivering to ordering and purchasing, which largely reduce the logistics costs and allow Wal-Mart to supply customers with the best price.To be more specific, for example, when linking up the suppliers, Wal-Mart provides them a system that can be directly entered by suppliers so as to realize the selling situation, predict the demanding amount of products, and decide the producing amount. In this supplying chain, Wal-Mart ought to make the whole supplying chain a very smooth, fluent, and steady one to save much money. Dedication to Charity However, like the resistances Rockefeller had encountered owing to the monopoly of the market, the protests against Wal-Mart are also occurring in not merely America but the world.For instance, a documentary named WAL-MART: The High Cost of Low Price points out several disadvantages brought by this huge retailer such as cheap labors without insurance and welfare, bad working environment and, what may causes the most attentions of other similar industries, the opportunities being taken away by Wal-Mart from local small-scale industries. Probably because of this, in my personal opinion, Wal-Mart dedicate to charities to make the public think that it do carry out corporate social responsibility and to increase the reputation so that they can eliminate, or at least decrease, the protest against it. Both Rockefeller and Wal-Mart actually fail to entirely assuage public resentful though. ) Wal-Mart in Taiwan So, the problem that attracts my attention most is that in my home country Taiwan, we have certain wholesalers like Costco and Carrefour and retailers like Wellcome and PXmart. Nevertheless, Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the world, has never landed here even though it had planned to develop from the southern part of Taiwan by merging. Why? To my personal viewpoint, there are two main reasons of this condition basing my observation and analysis.First, the market for no matter retailing or wholesaling in Taiwan has already saturated. Even Carrefour, the market share champion in wholesaling in Taiwan, is having difficulties in its expansion. Not to mention the earlier comer Costco who has dominated the market of import goods. When most people in Taiwan, like my family, intend to buy plentiful imported goods, they would most likely opt to purchase at Costco. If Wal-Mart, a similar store to Costco, enter the market in Taiwan now, people are certain to compare both of them.And it is likely that customers already have their loyalties and would tend to choose Costco, the store they are used to instead of Wal-Mart, the one that they are still unfamiliar with. Consequently, only when Wal-Mart supplies some exclusive businesses or comes out with other attractive strategies can it be competitive and able to compete with the wholesalers that are already in Taiwan now. In addition, because of the geographic reason in Taiwan, which is a comparably small island with crowded people, it seems that it is more suitable for small supermarkets to thrive here.For one thing, the cost of the estate here would be expensive since Wal-Mart is undoubtedly required to own a vast place for it to be built. What’s more, it is not that necessary for people in this crowded island to drive far away to buy groceries. Instead, they can simply walk to the supermarket around the street corner near their homes. For example, popular retailers, especially PXmart, claims to provide the cheapest price to their customers and that by the VIP system, customers can become VIPs for free and sav e every dollars in each of their purchase.Sometimes the prices are even lower than the ones in wholesale shops such as Costco. Moreover, they open like almost anytime and anywhere. That is to say, people in Taiwan do not actually have that much demand on the existence of such a large market place like Wal-Mart. Currently, Wal-Mart finally converts its concentration to the expansion of the relatively potential market in China. In sum, in my point of view, even though Wal-Mart owns a complete and beneficial supply chain system that operate well in the U. S. nd many part of the world, it is not an a-hundred-percent promise to guarantee that it will work no matter when and where. The conditions in the market, the consumption habits of customers, and the competitors of yours are significant considerations as well. In other words, it is always essential for businesses to evaluate the market circumstances before they invest their money in a new place. (WAL-MART: The High Cost of Low Price teaser trailer on YouTube: http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=hiSmlmXp-aU)

Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy

Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy The recent wave of globalization has encouraged worldwide interconnectedness leading to increased competition among businesses. This situation has compelled organizations to adjust their policies to address these new challenges.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More No organization is invulnerable to globalization challenges, and higher learning institutions are no exception. Although most higher learning institutions are yet to display sizeable effort towards the development of globalization strategies, this report will portray how Herriot Watt University adopts various policies to accelerate its’ global presence. According to Elmes (2011), although Herriot Watt University lags within the UK market, its’ global expansion strategy is unmatched by most UK and global competitors. As cited in Herriot-Watt University report (2008) â⠂¬Ëœfocus on the future’, the institution plans to enhance its global presence by over 50% within ten years. Currently, the university has been opening new campuses in various countries around the world. Noticeably, the university is one of the critical providers of higher education in Trinidad and Tobago. Moreover, its’ presence is widely felt in Dubai (Herriot-Watt University, 2011). According to Elmes (2011), Herriot Watt University global expansion strategy began with the inception of an international MBA program in the early 1990’s. Since then, the university has never looked back in its’ efforts towards international expansion. Based on the above analysis, Herriot Watt University is likely to succeed in its’ globalization strategy because it has already accumulated substantial infrastructure over the years. According to Tony (2009, p. 178), support remains the most significant hindrance towards globalization and internationalization of univer sities. Secondly, Herriot Watt University has been increasing its’ distance learning programs over the years to attain its globalization vision. Consequently, this strategy has yielded positive results, as evidenced by the heightened establishment of numerous undergraduate and postgraduate distance learning programs (Herriot-Watt University, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although distance learning programs have frequently been criticized owing to their questionable quality (Tony, 2009, p. 180), Herriot-Watt University (2008) report accentuate that, quality occupies a prime position during the initiation of these distance learning programs. Furthermore, Herriot Watt University globalization strategy aims at building a favorable image across the world. Thirdly, Herriot Watt University has embarked on a rigorous exercise towards recruiting new global p artners. Currently, the university’s success in international expansion can be directly attributed to superior international partnership relations. Through its’ diverse network known as Approved Learning Partners, students are able to obtain a Herriot Watt degree in their home country (Herriot-Watt University, 2008). Consequently, in order to promote product differentiation, the university develops learning programs for these academic partners. Furthermore, the university ensures that tutors in partner institutions’ interact closely with their counterparts based at Scotland University branch (Herriot-Watt University, 2011). On the same note, globalization has attracted new challenges to the development of higher education curriculums, seeing that old courses have become redundant in this new era. To meet these new challenges, universities have been compelled to introduce new programs that are aligned with new market demands (Tony, 2009, p. 180). Correspondingly, as part of its globalization strategy, Herriot Watt University constantly innovates new courses in order to meet the ever-changing academic environment (Herriot-Watt University, 2008). According to Tony (2009, p. 176), the realities of globalization have escalated competition among higher education institutions; thus, program differentiation is an essential strategy to offset competition. Accordingly, Herriot Watt curriculum expansion is quite timely and will contribute a great deal towards the realization of its’ 2015 globalization vision. References Elmes, J. 2011. Heriot-Watt plans to extend long global reach. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Heriot-Watt University. 2008. Focus on the future. Web. Heriot-Watt University. 2011. Heriot-Watt global; developing the next generation of global leaders. (Online]. Tony, D. 2009. Kn owledge transfer and the globalization of higher education. Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China, 1(3): 174 – 184.

Correcting a Run-On Sentence With a Period or Semicolon

Correcting a Run-On Sentence With a Period or Semicolon The simplest way to correct a run-on sentence (also known as a fused sentence) is with a mark of punctuation- a period or semicolon. Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Period To make two separate sentences out of a run-on, put a period at the end of the first main clause and begin the second main clause with a capital letter: Run-on SentenceMerdine is a skilled carpenter she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin.CorrectedMerdine is a skilled carpenter . She single-handedly built a two-story log cabin. Inserting a period at the end of the first main clause is often the best way to correct a long run-on sentence. Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Semicolon Another way to separate two main clauses is with a semicolon: Run-on SentenceMerdine is a skilled carpenter she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin.CorrectedMerdine is a skilled carpenter ; she single-handedly built a two-story log cabin. Be careful not to overwork the semicolon. The mark is most often used between two main clauses that are closely related in meaning and grammatical form. Adding a Conjunctive Adverb Although a period or semicolon will correct a run-on sentence, a mark of punctuation alone wont explain how the second main clause relates to the first one. To make this relationship clear, you can follow the period or semicolon with a conjunctive adverbthat is, a transitional expression that introduces a main clause. The common conjunctive adverbs show that you are continuing a thought (furthermore, moreover), offering a contrast (however, nonetheless, still), or showing a result (accordingly, consequently, then, therefore, thus). Unlike coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs dont join main clauses; however, they do guide your readers by linking ideas: I loathed my job more than I loved the paycheck; consequently, I quit work and returned to college.After three days of rain, I was tempted to abandon the hike. Nevertheless, on the fourth day I took bearings from my compass and set out due west toward Cedar Bay. Remember that a conjunctive adverb between two main clauses should be preceded by a semicolon or period. It is usually followed by a comma. This exercise will give you practice in applying the guidelines on page one of  Correcting a Run-on Sentence With a Period or Semicolon. To view the exercise without ads, click on the printer icon near the top of this page. Instructions: Use either a period or a semicolon to correct each of the run-on sentences below. A jump rope is the ultimate aerobic exercise it provides a top-notch daily workout.My teacher never missed a day of school I think even the flu and the common cold were afraid of that lady.Experience is not what happens to you it is what you do with what happens to you.A low blood-sugar level signals  hunger a higher one tells the brain that you dont need to eat.A lobotomy is a fairly simple operation however amateurs should not attempt it.Fifty years ago, parents were apt to have several children nowadays children are apt to have several parents.Humor is a rubber sword it allows you to make a point without drawing blood.Black magic is meant to harm or destroy white magic is intended to benefit an individual or the community.Carefully open the can of soup empty the contents of the can into a saucepan and stir gently.Its not enough to hear opportunity knock you must let him in, make friends, and work together with him.Boy bands should be exploded from a great height theyre just pret ty people singing music written by others. Happiness is the key to success if you love what you are doing, you will be successful.It is not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent that survives it is the one that is the most adaptable to change.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do there can be no courage unless youre scared.During a boat trip in 1862, Charles Dodgson began telling a story about an adventure in a world full of peculiar creatures the place was called Wonderland. Answers A jump rope is the ultimate aerobic exercise. It  [or  ;  it] provides a top-notch daily workout.My teacher never missed a day of school. I  [or  ;  I] think even the flu and the common cold were afraid of that lady.Experience is not what happens to you. It  [or  ;  it] is what you do with what happens to you.A low blood-sugar level signals hunger.  A  [or  ;  A] higher one tells the brain that you dont need to eat.A lobotomy is a fairly simple operation. However,  [or  ;  however,] amateurs should not attempt it.Fifty years ago, parents were apt to have several children. Nowadays  [or  ;  nowadays] children are apt to have several parents.Humor is a rubber sword. It  [or  ;  it] allows you to make a point without drawing blood.Black magic is meant to harm or destroy. White  [or  ;  white] magic is intended to benefit an individual or the community.Carefully open the can of soup. Empty  [or  ;  empty] the contents of the can int o a saucepan and stir gently.Its not enough to hear opportunity knock. You  [or  ;  you] must let him in, make friends, and work together with him. Boy bands should be exploded from a great height. Theyre  [or  ;  theyre] just pretty people singing music written by others.Happiness is the key to success. If  [or  ;  if] you love what you are doing, you will be successful.It is not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent that survives. It  [or  ;  it] is the one that is the most adaptable to change.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do. There  [or  ;  there] can be no courage unless youre scared.During a boat trip in 1862, Charles Dodgson began telling a story about an adventure in a world full of peculiar creatures. The  [or  ;  the] place was called Wonderland.

Tourism destinations in the digital and social media age Research Proposal

Tourism destinations in the digital and social media age - Research Proposal Example The growth of technologies and social networking has resulted in increasing importance of social media in tourism activities impacting destinations and businesses (Buhalis and Law, 2008). Easy access to internet and social media has changed the way information related to travel and leisure is shared. Social media provides a platform to tourists and travellers to share their travel experiences and emotions far more conveniently than that in the past (Jacobsen and Munar, 2012). The objective of this research is to evaluate impact of social and digital media on tourism destinations and role of information in improving the experience of consumer. Further, the study concentrates on role of tourism operators in educating consumers about destination engagement. According to various researchers, effect of social media is vital on the tourism industry as the web-based platform provides for real-time sharing of travel experiences, in addition to information available in guidebooks, news media and travel coordinators (Williams, Stewart and Larsen, 2011). Although a number of studies have been conducted to understand destination choice of tourists based on online information, there are still certain deficiencies related to impact of social media on travellers. So, the research objective is to establish significance of social media, especially social networks and blogs, in engaging consumers to tourist destinations ( Jennings, 2001). Advancement in technologies and increase in usage of internet has resulted in consideration of information search as a well-established segment of research. Moreover, various consumer and marketing studies reflect preference of individuals towards information search prior to any consumption decision (Gursoy and McCleary, 2004). Information related to a tourist destination emerges not only from experienced visitors, but

Simon Property Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Simon Property Group - Essay Example People from different ethnic backgrounds are staying in the country. Domestic social environment of the country is very peaceful. Domestic environment related to technology is also very sound and modern in nature. The country sets benchmarks for other countries in the world. The country faces some problems related with corruptions and terrorism. Over all domestic environment of the country is very stable, modern, updated and suitable for investing money and doing business (Elizabeth, 2010). Commercial real estate industry in USA is on the recovery mode. From 2008 to 2010 the industry was severely damaged by global financial crisis. At that point of time graph of the industry was very down. Recently the industry is improving slightly. Traditionally big players in the industry were only focusing towards big cities like Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Washington and New York City. Now a day’s big players are shifting their focuses towards small cities also. Over the years the industry has faced lots of ups and downs. Unstable atmosphere was there in the industry. But with the time the industry has able to come back. People are investing into this industry. The industry has reordered an improved growth of 11% in the first quarter of 2014. For last 21 years Simon Property Group is there in the industry. The organization has controversy related to the payment of its CEO. The organization has negative attributes regarding patents. In 2011 the organization faced serious patent problems with North Mobile Tech Embroiled. Carpenter, Bauer and Erdogan has come up with an 8 phase rational decision making theory. According to this theory any decision can be made with the help of eight steps. In the first step of the theory identification of the problem is very much important. In the second step decision making criterion has to be fixed. In the third step all those criterions have to assign with different weigh. According to the theory

Seminal Works Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Seminal Works - Annotated Bibliography Example hysics has been one of the many philosophical fields which have been found interesting by the greatest of philosophies in the world over the past years. Having been able to develop for the longest time, it has been adopted in explaining very many things by man, and because of this it has been able to become a major field which has seen very many students behind it. While there are other fields and concepts of philosophy such as epistemology, the concept of metaphysics has been greatly considered as major concept which has a lot foundations in defining the qualities and existence of objects and beings, and because of that there have been other concepts which have been developed through itself, and a good example include expressionism and existentialism. â€Å"Films are created and written with intentional meanings embedded in almost all aspects such as settings, sets, props, music and even title and props.† These are used to persuade and pass a given message to the audience. Bound can be analyzed as a rhetorical artifact delivering the above qualities. Beginning with the title of the film ‘bound’, the viewer understands the lesbianism between Violet and Corky. The settings and sets in the film also represent the intended themes of the film. For example, Corky and Violet meet and Violet requests her to help in retrieving an earring. The characters in the film have also helped pass a given message thereby persuading the audience. Following the originality of metaphysics, man wanted to understand the concepts and manner in which human existence was, and how he did relate with the other objects and things having physical bodies and which existence in the world. As well, the non-existence of objects and materials would also become something worth understanding, and thus the field would come up with more foundations aimed at underpinning the major thoughts and understanding of the ancient philosophers with their metaphysics and epistemology. In present days, there

Partial molar property

Partial molar property INTRODUCTION A partial molar property is the contribution (per mole) that a substance makes to an overall property of a mixture. The easiest partial molar property to visualize is the partial molar volume, vj of a substance j the contribution j makes to the total volume of a mixture. we can see that although 1 mol of a substance has a characteristics volume when it is pure,1 mol of that substance can make different contributions to the total volume of a mixture because molecules pack together in different ways in the pure substance and in mixture. the partial molar volume at an intermediate composition of the watterethanol mixture is an indication of the volume the H2o molecules occupy when they are surrounded by a mixture of molecules representative of the overall composition(half water, half ethanol) for instance. when the molar fraction are both 0s. The partial molar volume, VJ, of any substance J at a general composition, is defined as: where the subscript n indicates that the amount of all the other substances is held constant. The partial molar is the slope of the plot of the total volume as the amount of J is changed with all other variables held constant: it is quite possible for the partial molar volume to be negative, as it would be at II in the above diagram. For example, the partial molar volume of magnesium sulphate in water is -1.4cm3 mol-1. i.e. addition of 1 mol MgSO4 to a large volume of water results in a decrease in volume of 1.4 cm3. (The contraction occurs because the salt breaks up the open structure of water as the ions become hydrated.) Once the partial molar volumes of the two components of a mixture at the composition and temperature of interest are known, the total volume of the mixture can be calculated from: The expression may be extended in an analogous fashion to mixtures with any number of components. The most common method of measuring partial molar volumes is to measure the dependence of the volume of a solution upon its composition. The observed volume can then be fitted to a function of the composition (usually using a computer), and the slope of this function can be determined at any composition of interest by differentiation. PARTIAL MOLAR GIBBS ENERGY The most useful partial molar quantity is the partial molar free energy Gi,pm. It is so useful that it is given the name of chemical potential and a separate sumbol  µi . the chemical potential is just another name for the molar Gibbs energy. For a substance in a mixture, the chemical potential is defined as being the partial molar Gibbs energy: i.e. the chemical potential is the slope of a plot of the Gibbs energy of the mixture against the amount of component J, with all other variables held constant: In the above plot, the partial molar Gibbs energy is greater at I than at II. The total Gibbs energy of a binary mixture is given by: where the sum is across all the different substances present in the mixture, and the chemical potentials are those at the composition of the mixture. This indicates that the chemical potential of a substance in a mixture is the contribution that substance makes to the total Gibbs energy of the mixture. In general, the Gibbs energy depends upon the composition, pressure and temperature. Thus G may change when any of these variables alter, so for a system that has components A, B, etc, it is possible to rewrite the equation dG = Vdp SdT (which is a general result that was derived here) as follows: The idea that the changing composition of a system can do work should be familiar this is what happens in an electrochemical cell, where the two halves of the chemical reaction are separated in space (at the two electrodes) and the changing composition results in the motion of electrons through a circuit, which can be used to do electrical work. it is possible to use the relationships between G and H, and G and U, to generate the following relations: Now H=U+PV To measure partial molar volumes There are several ways that partial molar volumes can be measured. One way is to begin with one mole of a compound, call it component 1, add a small amount of component 2 and measure the volume, add a little more of component 2 and measure the volume again. Keep doing this until the desired concentration range has been covered. Then fit the volume data to a curve, for example, of the form, The constants, a, b, c, etc are obtained from the curve fitting and the first term is the molar volume of pure component 1. Then the partial molar volume of component 2 can be obtained by direct differentiation, Ideal Solutions We will define an ideal solution as a solution for which the chemical potential of each component is given by, whereis the chemical potential of pure component i, and Xi is the mole fraction of component i in the solution. whereis the vapor pressure of pure component i.) We have to prove that an ideal solution obeys Raoults law (using definition). Consider a solution of two components where the mole fraction of component 1 is X1. We know that the chemical potential of component 1 must be the same in the solution as in the vapor in equilibrium with the solution. That is, Equation 10 doesnt help us very much all by itself. However we have some more information. We know that for the pure component 1 we have X1 = 1, and we know that the pressure of component 1 vapor in equilibrium with the liquid is just the vapor pressure of the pure liquid, p1*, so that, which is Raoults law. [5]Chemical potential of an ideal gas the chemical potential  µ of an ideal gas at a given temperature is related to its pressure p through eq.  µ= µ + RT ln(p/p0) (15) where  µo is the standard chemical potential when the when the pressure of the gas is po, equation 15 suggest that at a given temperature, the pressure of the gas is a measure of its chemical potential. if inequalities in pressure exist in a gas container, the gas flows spontaneously from the high pressure region to the lower pressure region until the pressure is equalized throughout the vessel. In the later stage, the gas has the same value of chemical potential throughout the container. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL POTENTIAL The chemical potentials are the key properties in chemical thermodynamics. the  µi determine reaction equilibrium and phase equilibrium. Moreover, all other partial molar properties and all thermodynamics properties of the solution can be found from the  µi ‘s APPLICATIONS Partial molar properties are useful because chemical mixtures are often maintained at constant temperature and pressure and under these conditions, the value of any extensive property can be obtained from its partial molar property. They are especially useful when considering specific properties of pure substances (that is, properties of one mole of pure substance) and properties of mixing. Δmix H ≠¡ H H*, Δ mixS≠¡ S S*, ΔmixG≠¡G G* Where H,S and G are properties of the solutions and H*,S*, And G* are properties of the pure unmixed components at the same T and P as the solution. the key mixing quantity is ΔmixG =G G*. The Gibbs energy G of the solution is G=iGi(where Gi is a partial molar quantity). The gibbs energy G* of the unmixed components is G*=iG*m,i(where G*m,i is the molar Gibbs energy of pure substance i). Therefore ΔmixG≠¡ G G* = i(Gi G*m,i) const T,P (1) which is similar for ΔmixV. we have ΔmixG = ΔmixH TΔmixS const T,P (2) which is a special case of ΔG =ΔH TΔS at constant T. ΔmixS and ΔmixV can be found as partial derivatives of ΔmixG. Taking (T,nj of eq(1), we have = i G*m,i) = i T,nj = i(Vi V*m,i) T,nj =ΔmixV (3) The changes ΔmixV, ΔmixU, ΔmixH, ΔmixCp that accompany solution formation are due entirely to changes in intermolecular interactions( both energetic and structural). However, changes in S,A and G result not only from changes in intermolecular interactions but also from the unavoidable increase in entropy that accompanies the constant T and P mixing of substance and the simultaneous increase in volume each component occupies. Even if the intermolecular interactions in the solution are the same as in the pure substances, ΔmixS and ΔmixG will still be no zero. GIBBS- DUHEM EQUATION A relation that imposes a condition on the composition variation of the set of chemical potentials of a system of two or more components, where Sis entropy, Tabsolute temperature ,Ppressure, nithe number of moles of the ith component, and ÃŽ ¼iis the chemical potential of the ith component. Also known as Duhems equation. Deriving the Gibbs-Duhem equation for volume. The total differential of the Gibbs free energy in terms of its natural variables is With the substitution of two of the Maxwell relations and the definition of chemical potential, this is transformed into: the chemical potential is just another name for the partial molar (or just partial, depending on the units of N) Gibbs free energy, thus The total differential of this expression is Subtracting the two expressions for the total differential of the Gibbs free energy gives the Gibbs-Duhem relation: FUGACITY The presences of molecular interactions distinguish the real gases from ideal gases where the molecular interactions are completely absent. For a real gas Vm ≠  RT/P and hence d µÃ¢â€°  RT d ln P. Since the ideal gas equations are not directly applicable to real gases, we are faced with a problem. We can either sacrifice the equations or the variable. If we abandon the general equation of chemical potential then we have to use various equation of state fitting with P-V-T data. The use of such equations of state will make the treatment more complicated. So we find it easier to retain the general form of the chemical potential and to define a new variable which has the dimensions and general properties of pressure. The new variable is called the fugacity, which is derived from the Latin fugere, to flee, and means literally ‘escaping tendency. It is denoted by f. it is a corrected pressure which applies to real gases. all the effects arising due to interactions are containe d in f. the chemical potential of a pure real gas can be expressed in a form  µ= µo + RT ln(f/atm)  µo is the standard chemical potential at unit fugacity. at very low pressure . the ratio (f/p) = ÃŽ ³ is called the fugacity coefficient. for an ideal gas f=p and the fugacity coefficient is unity. with this definition of the fugacity we may now express the chemical potential as:  µ= µo + RT ln(ÃŽ ³P/atm) =  µo + RT ln(P/atm) + RT ln ÃŽ ³ on compairing this expression with that for an ideal gas[ µideal =  µo + RT ln(P/atm) Condition of fugacity of a gas Let us consider the relation d µ= VmdP d µ = Vm(ideal)dP and d µ(real) = Vm(real) dP Let us consider a change in the state of the system from an initial pressure P ´ to a final pressure P, and let f ´ be the fugacity of the real gas at pressure P ´ and f the fugacity at pressure P. Integration of the expression for chemical potential yields (ideal) = m(ideal)dP or  µ(ideal)  µÃ‚ ´(ideal) = m(ideal)dP and  µ(real)  µÃ‚ ´(real) = m(real)dP but for an ideal gas the chemical potential is given by  µ(ideal) =  µo(ideal) + RT ln(P/atm)  µÃ‚ ´(ideal) =  µo(ideal) + RT ln(P ´/atm)  µo is the standard chemical potential.  µ(ideal)-  µÃ‚ ´(ideal) = RT ln(P/P ´) = m(ideal)dP (1) For the real gas  µ(real) =  µo(real) + RT ln(f/atm) and  µÃ‚ ´(real) =  µo(real) + RTln(f/atm)  µ(real)  µÃ‚ ´(real) = RT ln(f/atm) RT ln(f ´/atm) = RT ln(f/f ´) = m(ideal)dP (2) Taking the difference of equation (2) and (1), we get RT ln(f/f ´) RT ln(P/P ´) = m(real) Vm(ideal)]dP or RT ln(f/P) RT ln(f ´/P ´) = m(real) Vm(ideal)]dP (3) where = Vm(ideal) Vm(real) now, = + RT ln(f/p) RT ln(f ´/P ´) = + (4) If the pressure P ´ is very low then the gas will behave ideally and for this condition Vm(ideal) ≈ Vm(real) and = 1, The second term or left side and right side of equation (4) will be equated to zero, therefore RT ln(f/P) = or ln(f/P) = -1/RT Antilograthim gives (f/P) = exp or f= P exp( = P exp[Vm(real) Vm(ideal) )]dP (5) SUMMARY we had covered in this term paper about partial molar properties one important thing is The properties of a solution are not additive properties, it means volume of solution is not the sum of pure components volume. When a substance becomes a part of a solution it looses its identity but it still contributes to the property of the solution. The term partial molar property is used to designate the component property when it is a mixture with one or more component solution. the most important partial molar quantity is the partial molar free energy it is an intensive property because it is a molar quantity.it is denoted by  µi.now we also know that how to measure the partial volume. and then the ideal solution is the solution in which the components in pure form here we take the pure components of chemical potential . then the applications of partial molar property is the property of mixing which is very useful. it is defined in term paper and the important concept Gibbs duhem equation A relation that imposes a condition on the composition variation of the set of chemical potentials of a system of two or more components physical significance is that if the composition varies,the chemical potentials do not change independently but in a related way.and then included fugacity another important part of partial molar properties. The fugacity f plays the role of pressure and need not be equal to the actual pressure of the real gas. RESULT The overall result is the partial molar property is not of all about pure components. The term partial molar property is used to designate the component property when it is a mixture with one or more component solution. and also find out the chemical potential other name of gibbs energy and about ideal gases, fugacity.