The Positivism And Interpretivism Philosophy Essay

The Positivism And Interpretivism Philosophy Essay The book of Business Research Methods gives me guidance for how to do business studies and how to carry out research project. In the first part of the book tells me the relationship between theory and research, in the detail its a explain of how to combine the theory and research during the business studies process. (Page: 4) 1a. What is meant by epistemological considerations? Epistemological concerns the study of knowledge and what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study? Epistemology is a kind of using the same principles, procedures, and ethos as the natural sciences study to explore the nature of human knowledge, structure, the relationship of recognizing the objective reality, the premise and basis of knowledge. The position that affirms the importance of imitating the natural sciences is invariably associated with an epistemological position known as positivism. (Page: 15) 1b. Explain in concrete terms the differences between the so-called positivism and interpretivism? Positivism: (Page: 15-1.7) Positivism is a kind way of epistemological position that claims to use the natural sciences methods to study and beyond of reality society. In the book, there are some principles of using positivism. Positivisms principles: 1. Only phenomena and hence knowledge confirmed by the senses can genuinely be warranted as knowledge (the principle of phenomenalism). 2. The purpose of theory is to generate hypotheses that can be tested and that will thereby allow explanations of laws to be assessed (the principle of phenomenalism). 3. Knowledge is arrived at through the gathering of facts that provide the basis for laws (the principle of phenomenalism). 4. Science must (and presumably can) be conducted in a way that is value free (that is, objective). 5. There is a clear distinction between scientific statements and normative statements and belief that the former are the true domain of scientist. This last principle is implied by the first because the truth or otherwise of normative statements cannot confirmed by the senses. Interpretivism: (Page: 16) Interpretivism is a term given to a contrasting epistemology to positivism. It is necessary for the research to understand differences between humans in our role as social actors. There are differences between conducting research among people rather than physical objects. To enter the social world of our research subjects, understand their world from their point of view. (Page: 16) Interpretivism arose as scientists felt that human beings were not puppets to react to stimuli in a prescribed manner. They were active and purposeful and can respond to stimuli in different ways depending upon their interpretation. Interpretivists describe human beings as having intent and the power to interpret;they say that human beings have the capability to construct their surroundings rather than being a mere spectators to what is happening around them. These scientists stressed the thinking, intentions and behaviors of human beings more than positivists thereby drawing conclusions that were more realistic and perhaps more valid also. Interpretivists talk about shared consciousness as the brain behind many of the concepts in a society. 2a. What is meant by ontological considerations? Ontological considerations: (Page: 20) Questions of social ontology are concerns with the view on nature of reality, the study of nature of existence. The core question of this part is whether the social entity can and should be considered objective entities which have the truth external to social actors, or whether they can and should be considered social constructions built up from the perceptions and actions of social actors. (Bryman 2004: 16) These positions are frequently referred to respectively as objectivism and constructionism. 2b. Explain in concrete terms the differences between objectivism and constructionism? Objectivism: (Page: 21 1.13) Objectivism is an ontological position that asserts that social phenomena and their meanings have an existence that is independent of social actors. It implies that social phenomena and the categories that we use in everyday discourse have an existence that is independent or separate from actors. Constructionism: (Page: 22 1.14) Constructionism is an ontological position (often also referred to as constructivism) which asserts that social phenomena and their meanings are continually being accomplished by social actors. It implies that social phenomena and categories are not only produced through social interaction but that they are in a constant state of revision. Objectivism and constructivism is diametrically opposite assumptions about reality, mind, thought, meaning and symbolism. The objective belief is that the world is real. The reality is the external awareness. Since it is sees the world as real it assumes that learners have the same understanding of this reality. The reality can be structured model to guide a learner. Constructivist perspective requires learners to create their own reality based on his experiences and views. The constructivist point that not a reality. Because the reality is a product of personal views and experiences are unique individuals many reality can exist. The objectivism think the role of the mind as a processor of abstract symbols thought of as symbols of the builders of the Constructivist perspectives. Objectivism sees the role of the mind as a processor of abstract symbols while constructivism views the mind as a builder of symbols. Relationship of epistemology and ontology to business research (Page: 23) Every science has its own ontology, epistemology and consequently its own methodologies. So when the business research Ontology defines the fundamental categories of reality. Domain ontology as distinct from formal ontology is related to focus of study. Each research field has its own ontology. Epistemology defines how we can know and reason that reality. The methodologies of each of these two scientists have followed as different systems of investigative techniques within their focus of study. They use different scientific methods studying different domains with different epistemology and ontology.

I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Essay

â€Å"I have a dream† was a speech delivered on August 28, 1963 by Martin Luther King in Lincoln Memorial Washington D. C. Martin Luther King’s role or position in his speech is that of an illustrator, or a mediator of peace and equality. He becomes one of those people who have seen the light and wanted to share this light to those other individuals who are still in the dark. He wanted or dreamed of a community wherein racial discrimination is no longer an issue. His ideal community is where everybody is free, no biases for either black or white people nor black or white community. He is in a position as to persuade the people to become more vigilant in watching their freedom and in receiving or wanting equality and justice. He also wanted each and every people to understand that one’s freedom or destiny is bound to the other. Because of this, he wanted everybody to properly exercise civil rights and must not prevent people from using this privilege. Generally, the intended audience of the speech is the black people, and also those who are not such as the white people, but are living with black people or in black communities. However, everybody can read or listen to his speech or statement because of the underlying principles included in his speech and his dreams or ideals can be utilized or preferred as a model for civil rights. â€Å"I have a dream† greatly inspires and effectively infuses its point of view to its audience, transforming dreams into reality and despair into hope; we dream of being free, and we become free because of this dream. Martin Luther King was prompted to write or make the statement or speech because of the continuing slavery that entangles each and every people, especially for the black people or communities. In addition to this, the belief and treatment or actions of the black people against the white people had alarmed the author to write or make this speech to the public. According to Martin Luther King, the slavery of the black people may have been released or abolished because of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. However, nowadays or 100 years later, this freedom from slavery is still ambiguous and it does not exist. In addition to this, Martin Luther King believes that there are still a lot of people who are experiencing police brutality and social discrimination. In addition to this, he thinks that the rights and privileges which were given to the people, especially the black people, is not properly implemented or received by the black communities. Martin Luther King takes on the affirmative side or in favor for equality amongst the black people and also the white people. He clearly shows or supports his stand through several examples and emphasis on his words or statements. Martin Luther King claims that every individual should learn to respect and give what is right to their neighbors. He is aware that there are people who are still suffering beyond the hands of law. He reasons this out by giving examples of those who were misunderstood, brutally beaten indiscriminately and provides logic as to why dreaming is an important part in one’s body. Martin Luther King is qualified to be a speaker or author of such paper because of his records and performance not only as a politician but also an individual who greatly cares for justice and freedom. I believe that the assumptions, ideas or claims of Martin Luther King are correct and good, with some deviances especially through the use of audio, video or format or instructions at more school. He was able to provide examples of real life situations where the civil rights of an individual becomes hindered. In addition to this, the audio and video formats are very much entertaining and at the same time, inform the audience of the predicaments of equality or justice in nations or communities. However, there are some claims or dreams which are somehow impossible to attain such as complete equality and freedom from prejudice from all countries or states. Being able to read Martin Luther King’s work, my perspective before to ignore claims and evidences and become settled in what the community gives me, had greatly changed. As such, the degree of my trust towards Martin Luther King did increase due to his great speech which is definitely eye-opening. The author has refutations that include the fulfillment of his dream or conditions in order to achieve a country, state or community. He also refutes the fact that freedom is already complete. The refutations made by Martin Luther King are really effective. In addition to this, he uses great emphasis on his words and greatly touches the sympathy of those who are listening to his speech. He was able to clearly state his dreams, one after the other and manage to state options or categories which would fulfill his dreams. His last statement â€Å"Free at last! Free at last! † gives hopes and restore the faith which people have for change and better living. As an individual who had already received the light from Martin Luther King, my desire for helping other people and providing equality or non-biased reactions had increased. My hopes for a better communication and media for spreading the word of the real scenario on freedom and equality also increased because of the persuasive message or speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Somehow, a part of me already wants to do something in order to help and at least be able to create balance within communities. In addition to this, his metaphor of a ring, representing one goal, and fingers representing the people, is really amazing and in reality lightens my belief. I thought that we are already saved, but the paper of Martin Luther King had taught me well. Works Cited Jr. , Dr. Martin Luther King. â€Å"American Rhetric: Martin Luther King Jr. : I Have a Dream. † Atlanta, 2008. February 11, 2008. Intellectual Properties Management. .

The Great Gatsby Comparison

Throughout the winding plots of love triangles in both The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises, Lady Brett Ashley and Daisy Buchanan play strikingly similar and diverse roles. While the two novels engage towards the same theme of the American Dream and the Lost Generation, they also follow drama induced romances around the two idolized women who create each main conflict. The many lovebirds that mindlessly trail their woman of their dreams eventually run into sticky situations and character fallout.Although this situation occurs in both The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises, the individualities and characteristics of Lady Brett Ashley and Daisy Buchanan differ in their own enchanting way. Daisy Buchanan from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Lady Brett Ashley in The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway are similar in the sense that they are both the main motives in each novel and mutually cheat on their partners, but also contrast in which Brett holds emasculation o ver the men in the story while Daisy remains more socially conservative.The building of the plot in both novels depends on the two main women who warp the lives of each character they come in contact with. In The Great Gatsby, Daisy is the main motive for Gatsby as he consistently does all he can to win her devotional love. Nick advises Gatsby to go away in order to avoid trouble with Myrtle’s death, but he refuses, as he â€Å"couldn’t possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do† (Fitzgerald 148).

Basic Science Facts Quiz

Battle of Coochs Bridge in the American Revolution

Essay Ernest Hemingway - 2650 Words

Ernest Hemingway’s tough, terse prose and short, declarative sentences did more to change the style of written English that any other writing in the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway had many great accomplishments in his historical life but one event sticks out from the rest. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works. Told in Language of great simplicity and power, it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. Here Hemingway recasts, in strikingly contemporary style, the classic theme of courage in the face of defeat, of personal triumph won from loss. Written in 1952, this hugely successful novel confirmed his power and presence in the literacy†¦show more content†¦He would later adapt this style to his fiction. In May of 1918, Hemingway became an honorary second lieutenant in the Red Cross. He could not join the army due to a defective left eye (resentfully inherited from his mother). On his first day of service across seas, he and other ambulance drivers were assigned the horrific duty of picking up body parts from an exploded munitions facto ry. Death, mostly of women, on such a scale was most definitely another very shocking moment in Hemingways young life. But he soon recovered from this experience and became known as the man who was always where the action is. He would often sneak cigarettes and chocolate to soldiers on the Italian front. It was on one of these occasions that he was severely wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. Even with over a hundred pieces of shrapnel and an Austrian machine gun bullet logged in his leg he managed to carry a wounded soldier a hundred yards to safety. He got the Italian Medal of Valor for his courageous action. He spent his recovery time at the Ospedale Croce Rossa Americana, in Milan. It is there that he met and fell for a thirty year-old nurse called Agnes Hannah. To Ernests disappointment, Agnes was not willing to embark in a relationship. Ernest, who had not yet turned twenty, who was a war hero, a journalist and a wounded soldier, was tooShow MoreRelated Ernest Hemingway Essa y974 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that heRead MoreThe Battler by Ernest Hemingway680 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout life, the people that you may encounter and form relationships with will be the ones that shape who you are and ultimately influence your decisions, actions and personality. In â€Å"The Battler† by Ernest Hemingway, Nick Adams, a young man of roughly twenty years of age encounters an older gentleman named Ad Francis, a once-famous boxer who claims to have gone â€Å"crazy† after his life as a fighter. Ad is accompanied by his best friend Bugs, a black man who accompanies him on his travels throughoutRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway Who is Ernest Hemingway? Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, an upper-middle-class suburb of Chicago(Ernest Hemingwaypar 4). He was born in the front bedroom of grandfather Ernest Halls house at eight oclock A.M., July 21, 1899. His parents were Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. Ernest was the second child and his sister, Marcelline, was born eighteen months earlier. He also had two other siblings. Carol was born July 19, 1911Read MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway1411 Words   |  6 Pages(shmoop.com). Ernest Hemingway was an honest and noble man. His life was highlighted by his successful writing career that brought him fame, fortune, but ultimately loneliness. Ernest Hemingway fell into a hole of drinking and depression (lib.utexas.edu). It was odd for Hemingway to become so emotionally unstable after having a happy childhood, quality experiences, and a successful writing career. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois in 1899. Oak Park was the town in which Ernest spent hisRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway The writer/artist that I chose to enlighten you with has inspired many writers as well as literature majors for many years. He continues to tickle our imaginations with the legacy that he has left us with. This man was as genuine as you can get. He was loved by many. He made an impact on any life that he came across. This man is non other than, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was a free spirit in an unattached sense. He loved adventure, as well as the drink. He was somewhatRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway523 Words   |  2 Pages On July 21, 1899 Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Cicero (Oak Park), Illinois. Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest’s parents, raised him and his five siblings in the suburbs and spent time at their cottage in northern Michigan. This is where Ernest learned his love of the outdoors. His father taught him to row a boat, start a fire, clean and cook a fish, make a wild-onion sandwich and handle a gun (Reef, 2009). In high school Hemingway began to write for his school newspaper Trapeze and TabulaRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pages Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingways career is the short story, quot;Indian Camp.quot; quot;Indian Campquot; was originally published in the collection of quot;in Our Timequot; in 1925. A brief summary reve als that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travelsRead MoreResearch Paper On Ernest Hemingway1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Most Interesting Man In The World The author I have chosen is Ernest Hemingway, who is one of the most celebrated authors of the 20th century. He was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. Hemingway wrote a variety of novels. My favorites are For Whom the Bell Tolls, written in 1940, A Farewell to Arms, written in 1929, and The Sun Also Rises, written in 1926. Most of Hemingway’s works are often criticized and considered sexist, but I believe that they give us a glimpse fromRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write someRead MoreA Farewell Of Arms By Ernest Hemingway1607 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Hemingway s third novel a Farewell to arms was being created with his early experience with war. Just out of High school, E.Hemingway tried volunteering to fight in World War 1 but he was rejected by the U.S. military because of his poor eyesight. Instead he voluntarily enlisted in the Italian ambulance corps on the Italian front where he was injured by a mortar shell. While E.Hemingway was recovering he started to fall in love with a nurse named Agnes Von Kurowsky. She however

A Study on Project Management Labour Productivity and Methods

Question: Describe about A Study on Project Management for Labour Productivity and Methods. Answer: Introduction Any viable and fruitful business comprehends the significance of productivity in the work environment. Worker productivity plays an important role in the different software related projects. Being profitable can help the firm increment and help the company utilise the Human resources it has. Most popular and successful organisations have happy and sound employees, which is one indicator of good association. In the following paragraphs, we have elaborately discussed the reasons why productivity is critical to the employees, employer and the customers. "Proactive conduct" Is what can help any average worker to excel in his work and become an important asset for the company (Turner 2016) Part A The process of development of software is quite lengthy and requires skill and effort from the various team members. The development of software goes through a process which includes various steps and requires the expertise of the team members. The new module creation for the software would require proper planning, analysis of details and requirements, designing, development and implementation, testing and maintenance. The whole process would include a project manager and a development manager who would be the instructor and supervisor. Then there would be members dedicated to figuring out the subject matters, the team of quality assurance, deployment team, functional analysts, development lead, developer, solutions architect, designer and training team (Chemuturi 2012). Part B Productivity in software development has been a critical exploration zone for quite a few years. It is the key for a successful programming company to control and enhance its productivity. Labour force effectiveness helps in determine the range as well as the extent of products as well as amenities which a specialist offers in a provided measure of instance. It is one of a few sorts of productivity that market analysts measure. Workforce productivity, frequently alluded to as work productivity, is a measure for an association or company, a procedure, an industry, or a nation. Be that as it may, as opposed to customary modern work, it is difficult to quantify for programming improvement. There are a few terms that are utilized pretty much synonymously, for example, execution or productivity. There are likewise different meanings of which yield isolated by info is the most broad one (Scacchi 2001). Part C There can be numerous problems within the system but here are the most common problems associated with the development of new software and its modules. As of now a large number of the applications are being discharged into the market straight after the designer testing, bypassing the client acknowledgment testing. That practice ought to be suspended and even a little change must be tried by an end-client. Every application will have a committed beta-analyzer chose from the end-clients. Simply after a beta-analyzer has passed the new code it is elevated from test to generation environment (Taiwo 2010). At the point when there is an absence of code surveys - yet one will begin doing code audits before one of the programmers checks it. It might be better to consider a "rollout audit". It is where one of the engineers needs to sit next with the other watch him/her doing the product rollout (Attar 2016). Instructions to minimize the rollback time when another discharge is turned out to be to be supplanted by a decent past adaptation enough to be pullout from generation. We do store a background marked by all discharges (as a parallels) to make it simple to go one rendition back - and however it is brisk it is still a manual procedure where it is uncertain of the result and it might cause the rollback to come up short and render the framework unusable(Enshassi 2007). However, programming intricacy and programming language unmistakably calculates favoured the connection of undertaking information vaults. This most presumably mirrors a typical instinct of storehouse originators that those components significantly affect improvement productivity and various programming qualities (e.g., dependability, maintainability).As of now the significance of a specific productivity element fluctuates relying upon the venture setting. The aptitudes of programming software engineers and investigators, for occurrence, appear to assume a more imperative part in upgrade/support ventures. So also, device/technique used by all accounts less vital is new improvement ventures. Then again, programming improvement that is not a continuation of a past item/discharge appears to essentially depend on the nature of venture management and group inspiration (M 2005). Customer Benefit Productivity in the work environment will regularly decipher into great customer administration and communication. This aggregate customer experience is the way to satisfy customers, and all profoundly profitable organizations utilise will pick up customer loyalty. At the point when a customer is loyal to your business, they will impart their experience to others, which is a marketing advantage leaving large amounts of productivity (Leblebici 2012). The Company The employees themselves are a speculation, and like any venture, they ought to yield a solid or beneficial come back to the company. In this manner, when employees are very profitable the company accomplishes its objectives of putting resources into them in any case. Productivity likewise motivates the working environment culture and support moral, creating a unspeakably better company environment (Designers 1999). The Work Force As if an unsaid rule, when a firm is exceptionally profitable, it inevitably gets to be successful, and as a result of this, motivators will undoubtedly be made accessible to the employees. These incorporate salary increases, rewards, medicinal protection etc. This will likewise motivate employees and gives them more openings for work as the company develops. Productivity in the working environment is a critical part of each company and when top management comprehends this idea, achievement is practically around the bend. Nevertheless, if your company doesn't give you the motivating force to expand productivity, you might need to begin searching for another employment on the grounds that the company is not competent enough to retain the employees (Bockerman 290-302). Part D Each occupation has an arrangement of quailed specialists, which can be utilized to instate the employments' space. The inquiry is the means by which to dispose of the designers at run time. Unmistakably every architect can just take at most one early occupation. That is to say, every early employment must be appointed to various specialists. Accordingly, we can essentially utilize the built-in all different. That is to say, when an early employment is doled out to a designer E, the architect E will be quickly expelled from all other early occupations. The same strategy likewise applies to last occupations. Aside from utilizing the above imperative on right on time/last employments; there is another sort of requirement, i.e. the time imperative, which can be utilized to dispose of architects from the 4 starting spaces. The thought is that every specialist just has a relaxed work time; the more occupations relegated to the architect, the shorter the extra time left. On the off chance that we work out which employment can no more t in a specialist's leisure time, then we can dispense with the architect from this present occupations' space powerfully (Wells 2002). This is a considerably more effective forward checking requirement. User dismissal- An expansive group of designers blazing through undertaking stores at the rate of $70,000 every day takes three months (without transitional turning points) to convey a framework capacity that is rejected by the end client(i Liviu 2014). Arrangement: Actualize Agile Development- Include the client in the development procedure. Make a turning point at regular intervals where the engineers must exhibit some usefulness to the clients. Immature innovation.-An undertaking group is endeavouring to actualize new innovation in a creation domain. The innovation does not perform. A few workarounds are attempted; all come up short. Toward the end of six months, unbeknown to management, nothing has been accomplished. Arrangement: Establish month to month progress audit turning points. Require recorded confirmation of advancement in Technical Investigation Reports (Stober 2009). Management quality, as indicated by the five management capacities, is characterized as: arranging, sorting out, instructing, planning, and controlling. These capacities characterize conventional management, yet they don't manage the general population issues that influence efficiency. These issues, characterized in the 1920s and known as the Hawthorne Effect are for all intents and purposes disregarded in customary management. Managers are still disengaged from the engineers in customary associations. I depict customary managers as chiefs, and current managers as leaders (McManus 2012). It has been gathered that programming development data from a wide range of projects finished from the mid-1960s are really important to see the growth of the programming language. Through today as premises of evaluating work that the people have been included in since the mid-1970s. The data is principally from conventional developments, in spite of the fact that there is sufficient data from new developments to incorporate into the general data. The data starts with Assembly language projects without any devices, nor advanced techniques to bolster them. All of the upgrades in instruments, languages, and techniques have happened in the innovation property of the Effectiveness Formula (Fujita 2004). We have seen no upgrades in the correspondence credit unless we need to incorporate the work area as a correspondence change. Management style has floated almost no past the five elements of management determined in the mid-1900s. The rate of efficiency change, with a few fixes, have adva nced at the rate of around 1.5 source lines for each individual month of exertion (sloc/pm) every year since 1960 due completely from innovation picks up. Correspondence comprises of three sections: visual, aural, and composed. By expelling the visual and aural components, the correspondence is constrained to just 7 percent of the first. Speaking with the programmer in the following cubical through the system is entirely not the same as perusing the composed word. One can send an inquiry and a reaction (additionally email) lands as composed words. We can assist limit correspondence by neglecting to give zones where programmers can impart eye to eye. Detachment likewise decreases inspiration when the general population is not ready to work as a gathering (Designers 1999). Conclusion This is the reason why it is required by the management to use proper planning and execution while planning a project. It is required that there is proper flow of work and that communication does not become a problem. One of the main reasons a company flourishes and makes profits is that their departments are working tirelessly together to help the company grow (Chemuturi 2012). References Attar, A .A. "A Study of Various Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Methods to Improve It." Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 5, no. 8 (2016): 11-14. Bockerman, P. "Do Job Disamenities raise wages or ruin job dissatisfaction? ." International Journal of Manpower 27, no. 5 (290-302): 1-12. Chemuturi, Murali. Requirements Engineering and Management for Software Development Projects. illustrated. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Designers, American Society of Interior. Recruiting and retaining qualified employees by design. White paper , 1999. Enshassi, Adnan. "Factors affecting labour productivity in building projects in the gaza strip." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 13, no. 4 (2007): 245-254. Fujita, Hamido. New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques: Proceedings of the Third SoMeT W04. IOS Press, 2004. i Liviu, Miha. "Comparative study on software development methodologies." Database Systems Journal 6, no. 9 (2014): 1-20. Leblebici, Demet. "IMPACT OF WORKPLACE QUALITY ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY: CASE STUDY OF A BANK IN TURKEY." Journal of business finance and economics 5, no. 2 (2012): 1-8. M, ASCE. "Impact of changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ s timing on labour Productivity." Journal of Construction Engineering and Managemen 131, no. 5 (2005): 1-11. McManus, John. Risk Management in Software Development Project. Routledge, 2012. Scacchi, Walt. Process Models in Software Engineering. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, , 2001. Stober, Thomas. Agile Software Development: Best Practices for Large Software Development Projects. illustrated. Springer Science Business Media, 2009. Taiwo, Akinyele Samuel. "The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria." African Journal of Business Management 4, no. 3 (2010): 299-307. Turner, J. Rodney. "Project Management." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 5, no. 8 (2016): 1-13. Wells, Timothy. Dynamic Software Development: Managing Projects in Flux. CRC Press, 2002.